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Maher Sanctuary Plant Inventory

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During 2002, Dr. David Warners with the Biology Department of Calvin College conducted a biological assessment of the plant species found on the property of the Maher Sanctuary. This is a listing of the plant species he identified.

A copy of Dr. Warners' letter to GRAC explaining his methodology can be found by clicking HERE.

For Dr. Warners' plant inventory in Microsoft Excel™ format click HERE.

 Physiognomy  Scientific Name COMMON NAME

Native/

Alien

Fern Asplenium platyneuron EBONY SPLEENWORT N
Fern Athyrium filix-femina LADY FERN N
Fern Dryopteris carthusiana SPINULOSE WOODFERN N
Fern Dryopteris clintoniana CLINTON'S WOODFERN N
Fern Dryopteris marginalis MARGINAL WOODFERN N
Fern Onoclea sensibilis SENSITIVE FERN N
Fern Osmunda cinnamomea CINNAMON FERN N
Fern Polystichum acrostichoides CHRISTMAS FERN N
Forb Achillea millefolium YARROW N
Forb Actaea rubra RED BANEBERRY N
Forb Agrimonia gryposepala TALL AGRIMONY N
Forb Allium tricoccum WILD LEEK; RAMPS N
Forb Amphicarpaea bracteata HOG-PEANUT N
Forb Anaphalis margaritacea PEARLY EVERLASTING N
Forb Anemone canadensis CANADA ANEMONE N
Forb Anemone quinquefolia WOOD ANEMONE N
Forb Anemone virginiana THIMBLEWEED N
Forb Angelica atropurpurea ANGELICA N
Forb Antennaria parlinii SMOOTH PUSSYTOES N
Forb Apios americana GROUNDNUT; INDIAN-POTATO N
Forb Apocynum cannabinum INDIAN HEMP; HEMP DOGBANE N
Forb Aquilegia canadensis WILD COLUMBINE N
Forb Arisaema triphyllum JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT; INDIAN-TURNIP N
Forb Asarum canadense WILD-GINGER N
Forb Asclepias incarnata SWAMP MILKWEED N
Forb Asclepias syriaca COMMON MILKWEED N
Forb Aster cordifolius HEART-LEAVED ASTER N
Forb Aster firmus SMOOTH SWAMP ASTER N
Forb Aster lanceolatus EASTERN LINED ASTER N
Forb Aster lateriflorus SIDE-FLOWERING ASTER N
Forb Aster macrophyllus BIG-LEAVED ASTER N
Forb Aster pilosus HAIRY ASTER N
Forb Aster puniceus SWAMP ASTER N
Forb Aster umbellatus TALL FLAT-TOP WHITE ASTER N
Forb BARBAREA VULGARIS YELLOW ROCKET A
Forb Bidens cernuus NODDING BUR-MARIGOLD N
Forb Boehmeria cylindrica FALSE NETTLE N
Forb Calla palustris WATER-ARUM; WILD CALLA N
Forb Caltha palustris MARSH-MARIGOLD; COWSLIP N
Forb Campanula aparinoides MARSH BELLFLOWER N
Forb Cardamine bulbosa SPRING CRESS N
Forb Chelone glabra TURTLEHEAD N
Forb Cicuta maculata WATER HEMLOCK N
Forb Circaea lutetiana ENCHANTER'S-NIGHTSHADE N
Forb CIRSIUM ARVENSE CANADIAN-THISTLE A
Forb Cirsium muticum SWAMP-THISTLE N
Forb CIRSIUM VULGARE BULL-THISTLE A
Forb Claytonia virginica SPRING-BEAUTY N
Forb Cryptotaenia canadensis HONEWORT N
Forb DAUCUS CAROTA WILD CARROT; QUEEN-ANNE'S-LACE A
Forb Dentaria diphylla TWO-LEAVED TOOTHWORT N
Forb Dentaria laciniata CUT-LEAVED TOOTHWORT N
Forb Desmodium canadense SHOWY TICK-TREFOIL N
Forb DIANTHUS ARMERIA DEPTFORD PINK A
Forb Drosera rotundifolia ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW N
Forb Epilobium ciliatum WILLOW-HERB N
Forb Erythronium americanum YELLOW TROUT LILY N
Forb Eupatorium maculatum JOE-PYE WEED N
Forb Eupatorium perfoliatum COMMON BONESET N
Forb Eupatorium rugosum WHITE SNAKEROOT N
Forb Euthamia graminifolia GRASS-LEAVED GOLDENROD N
Forb Fragaria virginiana WILD STRAWBERRY N
Forb Galium asprellum ROUGH BEDSTRAW N
Forb Galium circaezans WHITE WILD LICORICE N
Forb Galium pilosum HAIRY BEDSTRAW N
Forb Galium tinctorium STIFF BEDSTRAW N
Forb Gentiana andrewsii CLOSED GENTIAN N
Forb Geranium maculatum WILD GERANIUM N
Forb Geum canadense WHITE AVENS N
Forb Helianthus divaricatus WOODLAND SUNFLOWER N
Forb Helianthus giganteus TALL SUNFLOWER N
Forb Helianthus strumosus PALE-LEAVED SUNFLOWER N
Forb Hepatica acutiloba SHARP-LOBED HEPATICA N
Forb HIERACIUM CAESPITOSUM KING-DEVIL A
Forb Hypericum boreale NORTHERN ST. JOHN'S-WORT N
Forb HYPERICUM PERFORATUM COMMON ST. JOHN'S-WORT A
Forb Impatiens capensis SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT N
Forb Iris virginica SOUTHERN BLUE FLAG N
Forb Isopyrum biternatum FALSE RUE ANEMONE N
Forb Juncus dudleyi DUDLEY'S RUSH N
Forb Juncus effusus SOFT-STEMMED RUSH N
Forb Lactuca canadensis TALL LETTUCE N
Forb Laportea canadensis WOOD NETTLE N
Forb Lathyrus palustris MARSH PEA N
Forb LEONURUS CARDIACA MOTHERWORT A
Forb Lilium michiganense MICHIGAN LILY N
Forb Lobelia cardinalis CARDINAL FLOWER N
Forb Lobelia siphilitica GREAT BLUE LOBELIA N
Forb Ludwigia palustris WATER-PURSLANE N
Forb Luzula multiflora COMMON WOOD RUSH N
Forb Lycopus americanus COMMON WATER HOREHOUND N
Forb Lycopus uniflorus NORTHERN BUGLE WEED N
Forb Lysimachia ciliata FRINGED LOOSESTRIFE N
Forb Maianthemum canadense CANADA MAYFLOWER; LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY N
Forb Mentha arvensis WILD MINT N
Forb Mitella diphylla BISHOP'S CAP N
Forb Monarda fistulosa WILD BERGAMOT N
Forb NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE WATERCRESS A
Forb Nuphar variegata YELLOW POND-LILY N
Forb Oxypolis rigidior COWBANE N
Forb Panax trifolius DWARF GINSENG N
Forb Pedicularis canadensis WOOD-BETONY; LOUSEWORT N
Forb Pedicularis lanceolata SWAMP-BETONY; LOUSEWORT N
Forb Phytolacca americana POKEWEED; INKBERRY N
Forb Pilea pumila CLEARWEED N
Forb PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA ENGLISH PLANTAIN; RIBGRASS A
Forb Podophyllum peltatum MAY APPLE; MANDRAKE N
Forb Polygonum amphibium WATER SMARTWEED N
Forb Polygonum hydropiperoides WATER-PEPPER N
Forb Polygonum virginianum JUMPSEED N
Forb POTENTILLA RECTA ROUGH-FRUITED CINQUEFOIL A
Forb Potentilla simplex OLD-FIELD or COMMON CINQUEFOIL N
Forb Prenanthes alba WHITE LETTUCE; RATTLESNAKE-ROOT N
Forb PRUNELLA VULGARIS LAWN PRUNELLA A
Forb Pycnanthemum virginianum COMMON MOUNTAIN MINT N
Forb Ranunculus abortivus SMALL-FLOWERED BUTTERCUP N
Forb Ranunculus fascicularis EARLY BUTTERCUP N
Forb Ranunculus hispidus SWAMP BUTTERCUP N
Forb Ranunculus sceleratus CURSED CROWFOOT N
Forb Rudbeckia hirta BLACK-EYED SUSAN N
Forb RUMEX ACETOSELLA SHEEP or RED SORREL A
Forb RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS BITTER DOCK A
Forb Rumex orbiculatus GREAT WATER DOCK N
Forb Sagittaria latifolia COMMON ARROWHEAD N
Forb Sanguinaria canadensis BLOODROOT N
Forb Sanicula gregaria BLACK SNAKEROOT N
Forb SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS BOUNCING BET; SOAPWORT A
Forb Saxifraga pensylvanica SWAMP SAXIFRAGE N
Forb Scutellaria galericulata COMMON SKULLCAP N
Forb Senecio aureus GOLDEN RAGWORT N
Forb Smilacina racemosa FALSE SPIKENARD N
Forb Smilacina stellata STARRY FALSE SOLOMON-SEAL N
Forb SOLANUM CAROLINENSE HORSE NETTLE A
Forb Solidago caesia BLUE-STEMMED GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago canadensis CANADA GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago gigantea LATE GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago nemoralis OLD-FIELD GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago patula SWAMP GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago rugosa ROUGH GOLDENROD N
Forb Solidago uliginosa BOG GOLDENROD N
Forb Streptopus roseus ROSE TWISTED-STALK N
Forb Symplocarpus foetidus SKUNK-CABBAGE N
Forb TARAXACUM OFFICINALE COMMON DANDELION A
Forb Thalictrum dioicum EARLY MEADOW-RUE N
Forb TRAGOPOGON DUBIUS GOAT'S BEARD A
Forb Trillium grandiflorum COMMON TRILLIUM N
Forb Typha latifolia BROAD-LEAVED CAT-TAIL N
Forb Urtica dioica NETTLE N
Forb VERBASCUM THAPSUS COMMON MULLEIN A
Forb Verbena hastata BLUE VERVAIN N
Forb Verbena urticifolia WHITE VERVAIN N
Forb Viola blanda SWEET WHITE VIOLET N
Forb Viola sororia COMMON BLUE VIOLET N
Forb Zizia aurea GOLDEN ALEXANDERS N
Grass AGROSTIS GIGANTEA REDTOP A
Grass AGROSTIS STOLONIFERA CREEPING BENT A
Grass Andropogon gerardii BIG BLUESTEM GRASS; TURKEYFOOT N
Grass Andropogon virginicus BROOM-SEDGE N
Grass BROMUS INERMIS HUNGARIAN BROME; SMOOTH BROME A
Grass BROMUS JAPONICUS JAPANESE BROME A
Grass Bromus pubescens CANADA BROME N
Grass Calamagrostis canadensis BLUE-JOINT GRASS N
Grass Calamagrostis inexpansa BOG REEDGRASS N
Grass Cinna arundinacea WOOD REEDGRASS N
Grass Danthonia spicata POVERTY GRASS; OATGRASS N
Grass Elymus villosus SILKY WILD-RYE N
Grass Elymus virginicus VIRGINIA WILD-RYE N
Grass Festuca subverticillata NODDING FESCUE N
Grass Glyceria septentrionalis FLOATING MANNA GRASS N
Grass Glyceria striata FOWL MANNA GRASS N
Grass Hystrix patula BOTTLEBRUSH GRASS N
Grass Leersia oryzoides CUT GRASS N
Grass LOLIUM PERENNE PERENNIAL RYE GRASS A
Grass Milium effusum WOOD MILLET N
Grass Muhlenbergia mexicana LEAFY SATIN GRASS N
Grass Muhlenbergia schreberi NIMBLEWILL N
Grass Panicum implicatum PANIC GRASS N
Grass PANICUM MILIACEUM PROSO; BROOMCORN MILLET A
Grass Phalaris arundinacea REED CANARY GRASS N
Grass PHLEUM PRATENSE TIMOTHY A
Grass POA COMPRESSA CANADA BLUEGRASS A
Grass Poa palustris FOWL MEADOW GRASS N
Grass Sorghastrum nutans INDIAN GRASS N
Grass Sphenopholis intermedia SLENDER WEDGEGRASS N
Grass Sporobolus cryptandrus SAND DROPSEED N
Sedge Carex albursina SEDGE N
Sedge Carex aquatilis SEDGE N
Sedge Carex blanda SEDGE N
Sedge Carex brunnescens SEDGE N
Sedge Carex gracillima SEDGE N
Sedge Carex hystericina SEDGE N
Sedge Carex lacustris SEDGE N
Sedge Carex leptalea SEDGE N
Sedge Carex pedunculata SEDGE N
Sedge Carex pensylvanica SEDGE N
Sedge Carex prairea SEDGE N
Sedge Carex rostrata SEDGE N
Sedge Carex sartwellii SEDGE N
Sedge Carex stipata SEDGE N
Sedge Carex stricta SEDGE N
Sedge Carex vulpinoidea SEDGE N
Sedge Eriophorum viridi-carinatum GREEN-KEELED COTTON-GRASS N
Sedge Scirpus acutus HARDSTEM BULRUSH N
Sedge Scirpus atrovirens BULRUSH N
Shrub Aronia prunifolia BLACK CHOKEBERRY N
Shrub Cornus foemina GRAY DOGWOOD N
Shrub Cornus stolonifera RED-OSIER DOGWOOD N
Shrub Corylus americana HAZELNUT N
Shrub ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA AUTUMN-OLIVE A
Shrub Euonymus obovata RUNNING STRAWBERRY BUSH N
Shrub Hamamelis virginiana WITCH-HAZEL N
Shrub Ilex verticillata WINTERBERRY; MICHIGAN HOLLY N
Shrub Juniperus communis COMMON or GROUND JUNIPER N
Shrub Lindera benzoin SPICEBUSH N
Shrub LONICERA TATARICA SMOOTH TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE A
Shrub Mitchella repens PARTRIDGE BERRY N
Shrub Physocarpus opulifolius NINEBARK N
Shrub Ribes americanum WILD BLACK CURRANT N
Shrub Ribes cynosbati PRICKLY or WILD GOOSEBERRY N
Shrub Rosa palustris SWAMP ROSE N
Shrub Rubus allegheniensis COMMON BLACKBERRY N
Shrub Rubus occidentalis BLACK RASPBERRY N
Shrub Rubus strigosus WILD RED RASPBERRY N
Shrub Salix discolor PUSSY WILLOW N
Shrub Salix petiolaris SLENDER or MEADOW WILLOW N
Shrub Sambucus canadensis ELDERBERRY; COMMON ELDER N
Shrub Spiraea alba MEADOWSWEET N
Shrub Toxicodendron vernix POISON SUMAC N
Shrub Vaccinium macrocarpon LARGE CRANBERRY N
Shrub Viburnum dentatum SMOOTH ARROW-WOOD N
Shrub Viburnum lentago NANNYBERRY; SHEEPBERRY N
Shrub Zanthoxylum americanum PRICKLY-ASH N
Tree Acer negundo BOX ELDER N
Tree Acer rubrum RED MAPLE N
Tree Acer saccharum SUGAR MAPLE; HARD MAPLE N
Tree Carpinus caroliniana HORNBEAM; BLUE-BEECH N
Tree Carya ovata SHELLBARK or SHAGBARK HICKORY N
Tree Celtis occidentalis HACKBERRY N
Tree Cornus alternifolia ALTERNATE-LEAVED DOGWOOD N
Tree Fagus grandifolia AMERICAN BEECH N
Tree Fraxinus americana WHITE ASH N
Tree Fraxinus nigra BLACK ASH N
Tree Juglans cinerea BUTTERNUT N
Tree Juglans nigra BLACK WALNUT N
Tree Juniperus virginiana RED-CEDAR N
Tree Ostrya virginiana IRONWOOD; HOP HORNBEAM N
Tree Platanus occidentalis SYCAMORE N
Tree Populus deltoides COTTONWOOD N
Tree Populus tremuloides QUAKING ASPEN N
Tree Prunus serotina WILD BLACK CHERRY N
Tree Quercus alba WHITE OAK N
Tree Quercus bicolor SWAMP WHITE OAK N
Tree Quercus macrocarpa BUR OAK N
Tree Quercus palustris PIN OAK N
Tree Quercus rubra RED OAK N
Tree Thuja occidentalis ARBOR VITAE N
Tree Tilia americana LINDEN; BASSWOOD N
Tree Ulmus americana WHITE or AMERICAN ELM N
Tree Ulmus rubra RED or SLIPPERY ELM N
Vine Clematis virginiana VIRGIN'S BOWER N
Vine Dioscorea villosa WILD YAM N
Vine Menispermum canadense MOONSEED N
Vine SOLANUM DULCAMARA BITTERSWEET NIGHTSHADE A
Vine Vitis riparia RIVERBANK GRAPE N